Understanding corporate social responsibility’s influence on brand reputation, employer branding, and performance

Authors

  • Shaista Kamal Khan Bahria University Karachi Campus, Pakistan
  • Anji Benhamed Higher Colleges of Technology, AAWC, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5416-7792
  • Mohammad Soliman Sultan Qaboos University, College of Economics and Political Science, Marketing Department, Oman https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9359-763X
  • Gamal S. A. Khalifa Higher Colleges of Technology, AAWC, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; and Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.20240406

Keywords:

Corporate Social Responsibility, Employer Brand, Brand Performance, Corporate Reputation, Engaged Workforce

Abstract

Many studies have explored corporate social responsibility (CSR) outcomes in different contexts, but few empirically examine its effects on brand reputation, employer branding, and performance, considering employees' perspectives, particularly in banking. Consequently, this study aims to examine how employees’ perceptions of CSR influence brand reputation, employer branding, and performance in the banking sector, highlighting the mediating role of brand reputation. A quantitative approach was applied using a questionnaire to collect data from employees working in different banks in Pakistan. 254 responses were collected and analysed using PLS-SEM. The findings indicated that CRS positively and significantly impacts brand reputation, employer branding, and performance. Both employer branding and performance are significantly affected by brand reputation, which in turn has a substantial intervening role in the connections between CRS and employer branding and performance. This study contributes to the extant literature on CRS within the banking sector. It provides practical contributions for managers and concerned stakeholders to better understand the consequences of CSR. Limitations and directions for further research are also provided.

Author Biographies

  • Shaista Kamal Khan, Bahria University Karachi Campus, Pakistan

    Dr. Shaista Kamal Khan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business Studies at Bahria University Karachi Campus, Pakistan. She holds a Ph.D. in marketing with 20 years of experience in education. She also worked as head of the Department of Commerce and Business Administration at Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan. She attended international conferences and published research articles in well-reputed international journals.

  • Anji Benhamed, Higher Colleges of Technology, AAWC, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Dr. Anji Benhamed holds a PhD from University of Paris 13, Sorbonne, Paris City, in the area of Management and Entrepreneurship with a high level of distinction, currently a faculty member and Division Chair of the business program at the College of Business at Higher College of Technology, AAC, UAE. Dr Anji is a business consultant, coach-trainer, and mentor in entrepreneurship and Innovation.

  • Mohammad Soliman, Sultan Qaboos University, College of Economics and Political Science, Marketing Department, Oman

    Dr. Mohammad Soliman currently works at the Marketing Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman. He previously served as Head of Research and Consultation Department, UTAS, Salalah, Oman. He is also a Full Professor at Fayoum University, Egypt. He has published multiple papers in high-rank journals indexed in WoS and Scopus. Additionally, he sits on the editorial board of different academic journals. He has successfully supervised and examined several master’s and PhD theses. His research interests include destination marketing, tourism marketing, branding, consumer behaviour, AI in education & marketing.

  • Gamal S. A. Khalifa, Higher Colleges of Technology, AAWC, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE; and Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt

    Dr. Gamal S. A. Khalifa is an Associate Professor who worked at Fayoum University in Egypt, ex-Dean, Faculty of Hospitality and tourism, Lincoln University, Malaysia, School of Postgraduate, City University, Malaysia, and is currently employed at Higher Colleges of Technology in the UAE. His research focuses on various areas such as Tourism Marketing, Education, Human Resources, Strategic Management, Risk Management, and Hospitality Management.

References

AbdelAzim, T. S., Kassem, A., Alajloni, A., Alomran, A., Ragab, A., & Shaker, E. (2022). Effect of internal corporate social responsibility activities on tourism and hospitality employees ‘normative commitment during COVID-19. Tourism & Management Studies, 18(3), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.2022.180302

Aldousari, A. A., Robertson, A., Yajid, M. S. A., & Ahmed, Z. U. (2017). Impact of employer branding on organization’s performance. Journal of Transnational Management, 22(3), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/15475778.2017.1335125

Alkathiri, N. A., & Soliman, M. (2022). Examining foreign direct investment determinants of tourism industry in Oman and Egypt: The moderating role of investment environment. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 27(4), 4722-4740. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2396

Ansong, A. (2017). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance of Ghanaian SMEs: The role of stakeholder engagement. Cogent Business & Management, 4(1), 1333704. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1333704

Aupperle, K. E., Carroll, A. B., & Hatfield, J. D. (1985). An empirical examination of the relationship between corporate social responsibility and profitability. Academy of Management Journal, 28(2), 446-463. https://doi.org/10.5465/256210

Azham, N. A. A., Ahmad, T., & Delaila, T. A. H. (2020). Brand reputation management and brand experience towards reputation of Malaysian polytechnics. Jurnal Intelek, 15(1), 98-106. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/42888/

Backhaus, K., & Tikoo, S. (2004). Conceptualizing and researching employer branding. Career Development International, 9(5), 501-517. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430410550754

Bahri-Ammari, N., Soliman, M., & Salah, O. B. (2022). The impact of employer brand on job seekers’ attitudes and intentions: The moderating role of value congruence and social media. Corporate Reputation Review, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41299-022-00154-8

Biswas, M. K., & Suar, D. (2016). Antecedents and consequences of employer branding. Journal of Business Ethics, 136, 57-72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2502-3

Bridoux, F., & Stoelhorst, J. W. (2014). Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2089

Budhiraja, S., & Yadav, S. (2020). Employer branding and employee-emotional bonding—The CSR way to sustainable HRM. In S. Vanka, M. B. Rao, S. Singh, & M. R. Pulaparthi (Eds.), Sustainable Human Resource Management: Transforming Organizations, Societies and Environment (pp. 133-149). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5656-2_8

Buzzao, G., & Rizzi, F. (2024). Who is CSR for in employer branding? Insights on employer branding strategies across industries, educational backgrounds and career styles. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(2), 1123-1141. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2616

Carlini, J., Grace, D., France, C., & Lo Iacono, J. (2019). The corporate social responsibility (CSR) employer brand process: integrative review and comprehensive model. Journal of Marketing Management, 35(1-2), 182-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2019.1569549

Chang, H. H., & Chuang, W. J. (2021). Encourage stakeholder engagement in sustainable development: Drivers of consumers themselves benefits and society welfares. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 28(2), 748-762. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2085

Cowan, K., & Guzman, F. (2020). How CSR reputation, sustainability signals, and country-of-origin sustainability reputation contribute to corporate brand performance: An exploratory study. Journal of Business Research, 117, 683-693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.017

DeNisi, A. S., Wilson, M. S., & Biteman, J. (2014). Research and practice in HRM: A historical perspective. Human Resource Management Review, 24(3), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2014.03.004

Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2010). Maximizing business returns to corporate social responsibility (CSR): The role of CSR communication. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(1), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00276.x

El Akremi, A., Gond, J.-P., Swaen, V., De Roeck, K., & Igalens, J. (2018). How do employees perceive corporate responsibility? Development and validation of a multidimensional corporate stakeholder responsibility scale. Journal of Management, 44(2), 619-657. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206315569311

Elshaer, A. M., Marzouk, A. M., & Khalifa, G. S. (2023). Antecedents of employees’ perception and attitude to risks: the experience of Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality & Tourism, 24(3), 330-358. https://doi.org/10.1080/1528008X.2022.2050877

Elzek, Y. S., Soliman, M., Al Riyami, H., & Scott, N. (2024). Talent management and sustainable performance in travel agents: do green intellectual capital and green servant leadership matter? Current Issues in Tourism, 27(19), 3115–3130. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2252560

Ewing, M. T., Pitt, L. F., De Bussy, N. M., & Berthon, P. (2002). Employment branding in the knowledge economy. International Journal of Advertising, 21(1), 3-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.2002.11104914

Falck, O., & Heblich, S. (2007). Corporate social responsibility: Doing well by doing good. Business Horizons, 50(3), 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2006.12.002

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224378101800104

Gam, A., Bahri-Ammari, N., & Soliman, M. (2023). Intelligent customer experience and behavioral brand loyalty: Empirical evidence from the commerce environment. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39(10), 2090-2101. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2074120

Gandasari, D., Tjahjana, D., Dwidienawati, D., & Ichsan, M. (2024). How to attract talents? The role of CSR, employer brand, benefits and career development. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2323774. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2323774

Gupta, S., Nawaz, N., Alfalah, A. A., Naveed, R. T., Muneer, S., & Ahmad, N. (2021). The relationship of CSR communication on social media with consumer purchase intention and brand admiration. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(5), 1217-1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16050068

Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

Hassan, S. B., & Soliman, M. (2021). COVID-19 and repeat visitation: Assessing the role of destination social responsibility, destination reputation, holidaymakers’ trust and fear arousal. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 100495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100495

Hemsley-Brown, J., Melewar, T., Nguyen, B., & Wilson, E. J. (2016). Exploring brand identity, meaning, image, and reputation (BIMIR) in higher education: A special section. In (Vol. 69, pp. 3019-3022): Elsevier.

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Heriyati, P., Antonio, L., & Soliman, M. (2024). Managing Financial Life: Examining the Factors Impacting the Financial Literacy of Indonesian Students Studying Abroad. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business, 39(2), 174-194. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.v39i2.6856

Ismail , T. A. T., Zahari, M. S. M., Hanafiah, M. H., & Balasubramanian, K. (2022). Customer brand personality, dining experience, and satisfaction at luxury hotel restaurants. Journal of Tourism and Services, 13(24), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i24.278

Kanwal, H., & Van Hoye, G. (2024). Beyond employer brand content: The role of employer brand process attributes in understanding employees' reactions toward their employer. Human Resource Management, 63(1), 67-86.

Kao, E. H., Yeh, C.-C., Wang, L.-H., & Fung, H.-G. (2018). The relationship between CSR and performance: Evidence in China. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 51, 155-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.04.006

Khalifa, G. S. A., Abuelhassan, A. E., Khreis, S. H. A., Soliman, M., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Innovation mechanism in the hospitality industry: A mediated-moderated model. Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(26), 173–196. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i26.492

Kim, H., Hur, W.-M., & Yeo, J. (2015). Corporate brand trust as a mediator in the relationship between consumer perception of CSR, corporate hypocrisy, and corporate reputation. Sustainability, 7(4), 3683-3694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7043683

Knox, S., & Freeman, C. (2006). Measuring and managing employer brand image in the service industry. Journal of Marketing Management, 22(7-8), 695-716. https://doi.org/10.1362/026725706778612103

Kock, N., & Lynn, G. (2012). Lateral collinearity and misleading results in variance-based SEM: An illustration and recommendations. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 13(7), 1-40. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2152644

Kowalczyk, R., & Kucharska, W. (2020). Corporate social responsibility practices incomes and outcomes: Stakeholders' pressure, culture, employee commitment, corporate reputation, and brand performance. A Polish–German cross‐country study. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(2), 595-615. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1823

Kucharska, W. (2020). Employee commitment matters for CSR practice, reputation and corporate brand performance—European model. Sustainability, 12(3), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12030940

Lacey, R., & Kennett-Hensel, P. A. (2010). Longitudinal effects of corporate social responsibility on customer relationships. Journal of Business Ethics, 97, 581-597. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0526-x

Lai, C.-S., Chiu, C.-J., Yang, C.-F., & Pai, D.-C. (2010). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand performance: The mediating effect of industrial brand equity and corporate reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 95, 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0433-1

Le, T. T. (2023). Corporate social responsibility and SMEs' performance: mediating role of corporate image, corporate reputation and customer loyalty. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 18(10), 4565-4590. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2021-1164

Lee, K.-H. (2012). Linking stakeholders and corporate reputation towards corporate sustainability. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 6(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISD.2012.046947

Lee, K. H., Herold, D. M., & Yu, A. L. (2016). Small and medium enterprises and corporate social responsibility practice: A Swedish perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 23(2), 88-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1366

Lee, S., Han, H., Radic, A., & Tariq, B. (2020). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a customer satisfaction and retention strategy in the chain restaurant sector. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 45, 348-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.09.002

Lei, C., Hossain, M. S., Mostafiz, M. I., & Khalifa, G. S. (2021). Factors determining employee career success in the Chinese hotel industry: A perspective of Job-Demand Resources theory. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 48, 301-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.07.001

Lin, C.-H., Yang, H.-L., & Liou, D.-Y. (2009). The impact of corporate social responsibility on financial performance: Evidence from business in Taiwan. Technology in Society, 31(1), 56-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2008.10.004

López-Pérez, M. E., Melero-Polo, I., Vázquez-Carrasco, R., & Cambra-Fierro, J. (2018). Sustainability and business outcomes in the context of SMEs: Comparing family firms vs. non-family firms. Sustainability, 10(11), 4080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114080

Maden, C., Arıkan, E., Telci, E. E., & Kantur, D. (2012). Linking corporate social responsibility to corporate reputation: a study on understanding behavioral consequences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 58, 655-664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.1043

Mahmood, A., & Bashir, J. (2020). How does corporate social responsibility transform brand reputation into brand equity? Economic and noneconomic perspectives of CSR. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 12, 1847979020927547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1847979020927547

Malik, M. S., Ali, H., & Ishfaq, A. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and organizational performance: Empirical evidence from banking sector. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences (PJCSS), 9(1), 241-247. https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/188193

Manley, S. C., Hair, J. F., Williams, R. I., & McDowell, W. C. (2021). Essential new PLS-SEM analysis methods for your entrepreneurship analytical toolbox. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 17, 1805-1825. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00687-6

Maon, F., Swaen, V., & De Roeck, K. (2021). Coporate branding and corporate social responsibility: Toward a multi-stakeholder interpretive perspective. Journal of Business Research, 126, 64-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.057

Martin, G., Gollan, P. J., & Grigg, K. (2011). Is there a bigger and better future for employer branding? Facing up to innovation, corporate reputations and wicked problems in SHRM. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(17), 3618-3637. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.560880

Martínez, J. B., Fernández, M. L., & Fernández, P. M. R. (2016). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution through institutional and stakeholder perspectives. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 25(1), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redee.2015.11.002

Mekawy, M., Elbaz, A. M., Shabana, M. M., & Soliman, M. (2022). Breaking the psychological contract of travel agency employees during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of mindfulness. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 22(4), 387-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584211054602

Metzker, Z., Maroušek, J., Hlawiczka, R., Belás Jr., J., & Khan, K. A. (2021). The perception of the market and operational area of business by service sector and tourism companies in terms of CSR implementation. Journal of Tourism and Services, 12(23), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v12i23.328

Mohamed, M. S., Khalifa, G. S., Nusari, M., Ameen, A., Al-Shibami, A. H., & Abu-Elhassan, A.-E. (2018). Effect of organizational excellence and employee performance on organizational productivity within healthcare sector in the UAE. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(15), 6199-6210. https://doi.org/10.36478/jeasci.2018.6199.6210

Oduro, S., Bruno, L., & Maccario, G. (2024). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in SMEs: what we know, what we don’t know, and what we should know. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 36(2), 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2021.1951064

Özcan, F., & Elçi, M. (2020). Employees’ perception of CSR affecting employer brand, brand image, and corporate reputation. SAGE Open, 10(4), 2158244020972372. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020972372

Parmar, B. L., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Purnell, L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Academy of Management Annals, 4(1), 403-445. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520.2010.495581

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Pérez, A., & del Bosque, I. R. (2015). How customer support for corporate social responsibility influences the image of companies: Evidence from the banking industry. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 22(3), 155-168. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1331

Plaikner, A., Haid, M., Kallmuenzer, A., & Kraus, S. (2023). Employer branding in tourism: How to recruit, retain and motivate staff. Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(27), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i27.666

Pratihari, S. K., & Uzma, S. H. (2018). CSR and corporate branding effect on brand loyalty: a study on Indian banking industry. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 27(1), 57-78. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPBM-05-2016-1194

Price, J. M., & Sun, W. (2017). Doing good and doing bad: The impact of corporate social responsibility and irresponsibility on firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 80, 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.07.007

Rai, A., & Nandy, B. (2021). Employer brand to leverage employees’ intention to stay through sequential mediation model: evidence from Indian power sector. International journal of Energy Sector Management, 15(3), 551-565. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJESM-10-2019-0024

Ramesh, K., Saha, R., Goswami, S., Sekar, & Dahiya, R. (2019). Consumer's response to CSR activities: Mediating role of brand image and brand attitude. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 26(2), 377-387. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1689

Saurage-Altenloh, S. M. (2017). The measured influence of supplier CSR on brand performance expectations in B2B relationships Capella University]. https://www.proquest.com/openview/7f02665032d9daa84f91733f49cb9a74/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750

Soliman, M. (2021). Extending the theory of planned behavior to predict tourism destination revisit intention. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 22(5), 524-549. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2019.1692755

Stanaland, A. J., Lwin, M. O., & Murphy, P. E. (2011). Consumer perceptions of the antecedents and consequences of corporate social responsibility. Journal of Business Ethics, 102, 47-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0904-z

Story, J., & Neves, P. (2015). When corporate social responsibility (CSR) increases performance: exploring the role of intrinsic and extrinsic CSR attribution. Business Ethics: A European Review, 24(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12084

Szegedi, K., Khan, Y., & Lentner, C. (2020). Corporate social responsibility and financial performance: Evidence from Pakistani listed banks. Sustainability, 12(10), 4080. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104080

Szegedi, K., Németh, T., & Körtvési, D. (2023). Employer branding in the fashion industry: CSR actions by fashion SMEs. Sustainability, 15(3), 1827. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15031827

Tanwar, K., & Prasad, A. (2016). Exploring the relationship between employer branding and employee retention. Global Business Review, 17(3_suppl), 186S-206S. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150916631214

Torres, A., Bijmolt, T. H., Tribó, J. A., & Verhoef, P. (2012). Generating global brand equity through corporate social responsibility to key stakeholders. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 29(1), 13-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2011.10.002

Tumasjan, A., Kunze, F., Bruch, H., & Welpe, I. M. (2020). Linking employer branding orientation and firm performance: Testing a dual mediation route of recruitment efficiency and positive affective climate. Human Resource Management, 59(1), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21980

Van Beurden, P., & Gössling, T. (2008). The worth of values–a literature review on the relation between corporate social and financial performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 407-424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9894-x

Vávrová, J. (2022). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate social responsibility in the hotel industry – case of the Czech Republic. Journal of Tourism and Services, 13(25), 213–229. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v13i25.414

Verčič, A. T., & Ćorić, D. S. (2018). The relationship between reputation, employer branding and corporate social responsibility. Public Relations Review, 44(4), 444-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.06.005

Vukić, N. M., Omazić, M. A., & Aleksić, A. (2018). Exploring the link between corporate stakeholder orientation and quality of corporate social responsibility reporting. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems: INDECS, 16(2), 275-288. https://doi.org/10.7906/indecs.16.2.7

Wang, D. H.-M., Chen, P.-H., Yu, T. H.-K., & Hsiao, C.-Y. (2015). The effects of corporate social responsibility on brand equity and firm performance. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2232-2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.003

Downloads

Published

13.09.2024

Issue

Section

Business/Management: Research Papers

How to Cite

Khan, S. K., Benhamed, A., Soliman, M., & Khalifa, G. S. A. (2024). Understanding corporate social responsibility’s influence on brand reputation, employer branding, and performance. Tourism & Management Studies, 20(4), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.20240406

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>