Perceived greenwashing and its impact on eco-friendly product purchase
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18089/tms.20240201Keywords:
Greenwashing, Eco-friendly products, Environmental sustainability, Consumer behaviorAbstract
Notwithstanding the increasing commitment of managers toward environmental sustainability, consumer skepticism remains widespread, often resulting in perceptions of greenwashing. Although greenwashing has been studied by researchers, there is a lack of understanding of how consumers' Perceived greenwashing affects their consumption behavior. The current study aims to investigate how perceived greenwashing impacts consumers’ purchasing behavior of environmentally friendly products. The study used the “theory of planned behavior” and the “theory of perceived risk”. For data analysis, SmartPLS3 was employed. Results confirm that the perceived greenwashing leads to a decrease in the attitude, purchase intention, and purchase behavior of eco-friendly products. Both perceived risk and perceived differentiation also were found to influence purchase intention. These findings confirm the negative impact of greenwashing perception on consumer behavior and highlight the need for transparency and clear environmental claims in product communication.
References
Aji, H. M., & Sutikno, B. (2015). The extended consequence of greenwashing: Perceived consumer skepticism. International Journal of Business and Information, 10(4), 433-468. https://doi.org/10.6702/IJBI.2015.10.4.2
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
Ajzen, I. (2020). The theory of planned behavior: Frequently asked questions. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1002/HBE2.195
Akturan, U. (2018). How does greenwashing affect green branding equity and purchase intention? An empirical research. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 36(7), 809–824. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-12-2017-0339
Apaolaza, V., Policarpo, M. C., Hartmann, P., Paredes, M. R., & D'Souza, C. Sustainable clothing: Why conspicuous consumption and greenwashing matter. Business Strategy and the Environment(Early View), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3335
Arachchi, H. A. D. M., & Samarasinghe, G. D. (2023). Influence of corporate social responsibility and brand attitude on purchase intention. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2021-0224
Arli, D., Tan, L. P., Tjiptono, F., & Yang, L. (2018). Exploring consumers’ purchase intention towards green products in an emerging market: The role of consumers’ perceived readiness. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 42(4), 389-401. https://doi.org/10.1111/IJCS.12432
Awan, U., Arnold, M. G., & Gölgeci, I. (2021). Enhancing green product and process innovation: Towards an integrative framework of knowledge acquisition and environmental investment. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(2), 1283-1295. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.2684
Barbarossa, C., & De Pelsmacker, P. (2016). Positive and negative antecedents of purchasing eco-friendly products: A comparison between green and non-green consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 134(2), 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2425-z
Baum, L. M. (2012). It's not easy being green… Or is it? A content analysis of environmental claims in magazine advertisements from the United States and United Kingdom. Environmental Communication, 6(4), 423-440. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2012.724022
Berger, J. (2019). Signaling can increase consumers' willingness to pay for green products: Theoretical model and experimental evidence. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 18(3), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/CB.1760
Biswas, A., & Roy, M. (2016). A study of consumers' willingness to pay for green products. Journal of Advanced Management Science, 4(3), 211-215. https://doi.org/10.12720/joams.4.3.211-215
Braga Junior, S. S., Martínez, M. P., Correa, C. M., Moura-Leite, R. C., & Da Silva, D. (2019). Greenwashing effect, attitudes, and beliefs in green consumption. RAUSP Management Journal, 54(2), 226-241. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-08-2018-0070
Bryman, A. (2016). Social research methods (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Chang, C. T., & Hung, M. F. (2023). Mind the gap: Analyzing factors associated with consumers' single-use product reduction. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 36, 75-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.12.019
Cheah, I., & Phau, I. (2011). Attitudes towards environmentally friendly products: The influence of ecoliteracy, interpersonal influence and value orientation. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 29(5), 452-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/02634501111153674
Chen, Y. S., & Chang, C. H. (2013). Greenwash and green trust: The mediation effects of green consumer confusion and green perceived risk. Journal of Business Ethics, 114(3), 489-500. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-012-1360-0/FIGURES/2
Chen, Y. S., Lin, C. L., & Chang, C. H. (2014). The influence of greenwash on green word-of-mouth (green WOM): The mediation effects of green perceived quality and green satisfaction. Quality and Quantity, 48(5), 2411–2425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-013-9898-1
Chen, Y. S., Tien, W. P., Lee, Y. I., & Tsai, M. L. (2016). Greenwash and green brand equity. In 2016 Portland International Conference on Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET) (pp. 1797-1803). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/PICMET.2016.7806783
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295(2), 295-336.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2 ed.). Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
Conrad, K. (2005). Price competition and product differentiation when consumers care for the environment. Environmental and Resource Economics, 31(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-004-6977-8
Dangelico, R. M. (2016). Green product innovation: Where we are and where we are going. Business Strategy and the Environment, 25(8), 560-576. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.1886
De Jong, M. D. T., Harkink, K. M., & Barth, S. (2018). Making green stuff? Effects of corporate greenwashing on consumers. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 32(1), 77-112. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651917729863
De Jong, M. D. T., Huluba, G., & Beldad, A. D. (2020). Different shades of greenwashing: consumers' reactions to environmental lies, half-Lies, and organizations taking credit for following legal obligations. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 34(1), 38-76. https://doi.org/10.1177/1050651919874105
Delmas, M. A., & Burbano, V. C. (2011). The drivers of greenwashing. California Management Review, 54(1), 64-87. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2011.54.1.64
Drugova, T., Curtis, K. R., & Akhundjanov, S. B. (2020). Organic wheat products and consumer choice: A market segmentation analysis. British Food Journal, 122(7), 2341-2358. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-08-2019-0626/FULL/PDF
Erdogmus, I., & Ergun, S. (2015, Dec 10-12). Understanding university brand loyalty: the mediating role of attitudes towards the department and university.Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences [5th international conference on leadership, technology, innovation and business management 2015, icltibm 2015]. 5th International Conference on Leadership, Technology, Innovation and Business Management (ICLTIBM), Istanbul, TURKEY.
Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1977). Belief, Attitude, Intention, and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Addison-Wesley.
Furlow, N. E. (2010). Greenwashing in the new millennium. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 10(6), 22-22.
Gleim, M. R., McCullough, H., Sreen, N., & Pant, L. G. (2023). Is doing right all that matters in sustainability marketing? The role of fit in sustainable marketing strategies. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 70, 103124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103124
Goh, S. K., & Balaji, M. S. (2016). Linking green skepticism to green purchase behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131, 629-638. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2016.04.122
Ha, M. T. (2021). Optimizing green brand equity: The integrated branding and behavioral perspectives. Sage Open, 11(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211036087
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43, 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Herzallah, D., Muñoz-Leiva, F., & Liebana-Cabanillas, F. (2022). Drivers of purchase intention in Instagram Commerce. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 26(2), 168–188. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-03-2022-0043
Huang, J. W., & Li, Y. H. (2017). Green innovation and performance: The view of organizational capability and social reciprocity. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(2), 309-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-015-2903-Y/TABLES/4
Indrawati, I., Ramantoko, G., Widarmanti, T., Aziz, I. A., & Khan, F. U. (2022). Utilitarian, hedonic, and self-esteem motives in online shopping. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC, 26(2), 231–246. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-06-2021-0113
Jaiswal, D., & Kant, R. (2018). Green purchasing behaviour: A conceptual framework and empirical investigation of Indian consumers. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 41, 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2017.11.008
Juliana, Djakasaputra, A., & Pramono, R. (2020). Green perceived risk, green viral communication, green perceived value against green purchase intention through green satisfaction. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 1(2), 124-139. https://doi.org/10.7777/JIEMAR.V1I2.46
Kahraman, A., & Kazanço?lu, ?. (2019). Understanding consumers' purchase intentions toward natural-claimed products: A qualitative research in personal care products. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(6), 1218-1233. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.2312
Kang, J., & Kim, S.-H. (2013). What Are Consumers Afraid of? Understanding Perceived Risk toward the Consumption of Environmentally Sustainable Apparel. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 41(3), 267–283. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12013
Khoiriyah, S., Juan, M., & Toro, S. (2018). Attitude toward green product, willingness to pay and intention to purchase. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(4), 620-628.
Kim, E., Ham, S., Yang, I. S., & Choi, J. G. (2013). The roles of attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control in the formation of consumers' behavioral intentions to read menu labels in the restaurant industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 203-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2013.06.008
Kim, J., Kim, J., & Jo, H. (2017, Sep 05-06 Mar). Decision Tree Analysis for the Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Eco-Friendly Products. [Advanced science letters]. International Conference on Computer and Network Applications (ICCNA), Kota Kinabalu, MALAYSIA.
Kim, Y. J., Chun, J. U., & Song, J. (2009). Investigating the role of attitude in technology acceptance from an attitude strength perspective. International Journal of Information Management, 29(1), 67-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.01.011
Li, Q., Long, R., & Chen, H. (2018). Differences and influencing factors for Chinese urban resident willingness to pay for green housings: Evidence from five first-tier cities in China. Applied Energy, 229, 299-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APENERGY.2018.07.118
Lin, J., Lobo, A., & Leckie, C. (2017a). Green brand benefits and their influence on brand loyalty. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 35(3), 425-440. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-09-2016-0174/FULL/XML
Lin, J., Lobo, A., & Leckie, C. (2017b). The role of benefits and transparency in shaping consumers’ green perceived value, self-brand connection and brand loyalty. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 35, 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2016.12.011
Lu, X. Q., Sheng, T., Zhou, X. L., Shen, C. H., & Fang, B. Q. (2022). How does young consumers' greenwashing perception impact their green purchase intention in the fast fashion industry? An analysis from the perspective of perceived risk theory. Sustainability, 14(20), 13473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013473
Markham, D., Khare, A., & Beckman, T. (2014). Greenwashing: A proposal to restrict its spread. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 16(4), 1450030. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1464333214500306
Martínez, M. P., Cremasco, C. P., Gabriel Filho, L. R. A., Braga Junior, S. S., Bednaski, A. V., Quevedo-Silva, F., Correa, C. M., da Silva, D., & Moura-Leite Padgett, R. C. (2020). Fuzzy inference system to study the behavior of the green consumer facing the perception of greenwashing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 242, 116064-116064. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2019.03.060
Molinillo, S., Vidal-Branco, M., & Japutra, A. (2020). Understanding the drivers of organic foods purchasing of millennials: Evidence from Brazil and Spain. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52, 101926. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2019.101926
Moser, A. K. (2015). Thinking green, buying green? Drivers of pro-environmental purchasing behavior. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(3), 167-175. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-10-2014-1179/FULL/PDF
Mustiko, H. A., & Sutikno, B. (2015). The extended consequence of greenwashing: Perceived consumer skepticism. Journal of Business and Information, 10(4), 433-433. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/296700585
Nguyen, T. N., Lobo, A., & Greenland, S. (2016). Pro-environmental purchase behaviour: The role of consumers' biospheric values. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 33, 98-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.08.010
Nguyen, T. P., & Dekhili, S. (2019). Sustainable development in Vietnam: An examination of consumers' perceptions of green products. Business Strategy & Development, 2(2), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSD2.48
Nguyen, T. T. H., Yang, Z., Nguyen, N., Johnson, L. W., & Cao, T. K. (2019). Greenwash and green purchase intention: The mediating role of green skepticism. Sustainability, 11(9), 2653-2653. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU11092653
Niwarthana, W., Gannoruwa, S., & Rathnayaka, R. M. U. R. K. (2020). Study on attitude towards green products and willingness to pay premium: With special reference to millenials in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Marketing, 6(1), 37-37. https://doi.org/10.4038/sljmuok.v6i1.35
Nyilasy, G., Gangadharbatla, H., & Paladino, A. (2014). Perceived greenwashing: The interactive effects of green advertising and corporate environmental performance on consumer reactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(4), 693-707. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-013-1944-3/TABLES/10
Oesman, I. (2021). Consumers’ willingness to pay more for eco friendly products (green products) classification daily needs products. In P. A. Sari, I. Romli, M. H. Fahamsyad, R. P. Setyaningrum, & L. Kustina (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics Engineering and Social Science, InCEESS 2020 (pp. 250-250). European Alliance for Innovation. https://doi.org/10.4108/EAI.17-7-2020.2303067
Olk, S. (2021). The effect of self-congruence on perceived green claims’ authenticity and perceived greenwashing: The case of EasyJet’s CO2 promise. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 33(2), 114-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2020.1798859
Pahlevi, M. R., & Suhartanto, D. (2020). The integrated model of green loyalty: Evidence from eco-friendly plastic products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 257, 120844. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2020.120844
Parguel, B., Benoît-Moreau, F., & Larceneux, F. (2011). How Sustainability Ratings Might Deter ‘Greenwashing’: A Closer Look at Ethical Corporate Communication. Journal of Business Ethics, 102(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-0901-2
Park, H. J., & Lin, L. M. (2020). Exploring attitude–behavior gap in sustainable consumption: Comparison of recycled and upcycled fashion products. Journal of Business Research, 117, 623-628. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2018.08.025
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using Theory of Planned Behavior and Reasoned Action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2015.11.006
Penz, E., & Stöttinger, B. (2008). Corporate image and product similarity: Assessing major demand drivers for counterfeits in a multi-country study. Psychology & Marketing, 25(4), 352-381. https://doi.org/10.1002/MAR.20213
Pop, R. A., Hledik, E., & Dabija, D. C. (2023). Predicting consumers' purchase intention through fast fashion mobile apps: The mediating role of attitude and the moderating role of COVID-19. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, Article 122111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122111
Prakash, G., Choudhary, S., Kumar, A., Garza-Reyes, J. A., Khan, S. A. R., & Panda, T. K. (2019). Do altruistic and egoistic values influence consumers' attitudes and purchase intentions towards eco-friendly packaged products? An empirical investigation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.05.011
Qayyum, A., Jamil, R. A., & Sehar, A. (2022). Impact of green marketing, greenwashing and green confusion on green brand equity. Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-03-2022-0032
Qi, G., Zou, H., & Xie, X. (2020). Governmental inspection and green innovation: Examining the role of environmental capability and institutional development. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 27(4), 1774-1785. https://doi.org/10.1002/CSR.1924
Quach, S., Septianto, F., Thaichon, P., & Nasution, R. A. (2022). The role of art infusion in enhancing pro-environmental luxury brand advertising. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64, Article 102780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102780
Quoquab, F., Sivadasan, R., & Mohammad, J. (2022). “Do they mean what they say?” Measuring greenwash in the sustainable property development sector. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 34(4), 778-799. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2020-0919
Riskos, K., Dekoulou, P., Mylonas, N., & Tsourvakas, G. (2021). Ecolabels and the attitude-behavior relationship towards green product purchase: A multiple mediation model. Sustainability, 13(12), 6867. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126867
Rizzi, F., Gigliotti, M., Runfola, A., & Ferrucci, L. (2022). Don't miss the boat when consumers are in-store! Exploring the use of point-of-purchase displays to promote green and non-green products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 68, 103034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103034
Rogers, E. m. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (4th ed.). New York: Free press.
Sadiq, M., Adil, M., & Paul, J. (2021). An innovation resistance theory perspective on purchase of eco-friendly cosmetics. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102369
Schmuck, D., Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. (2018). Misleading consumers with green advertising? An affect–teason–involvement account of greenwashing effects in environmental advertising. Journal of Advertising, 47(2), 127-145. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2018.1452652
Seele, P., & Gatti, L. (2017). Greenwashing revisited: In search of a typology and accusation-based definition incorporating legitimacy strategies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(2), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.1912
Shahsavar, T., Kubes, V., & Baran, D. (2020). Willingness to pay for eco-friendly furniture based on demographic factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 250, Article 119466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119466
Skene, J. (2019). The issue with tissue: How americans are flushing forests down the toilet. www.stand.earth
Spears, N., & Singh, S. N. (2004). Measuring attitude toward the brand and purchase intentions. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 26(2), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1080/10641734.2004.10505164
Su, D. N., Duong, T. H., Dinh, M. T. T., Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., & Johnson, L. W. (2021). Behavior towards shopping at retailers practicing sustainable grocery packaging: The influences of intra-personal and retailer-based contextual factors. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, Article 123683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123683
Sun, Y. B., & Shi, B. B. (2022). Impact of greenwashing perception on consumers' green purchasing intentions: A moderated mediation model. Sustainability, 14(19), 12119. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912119
Supplies, Q. S. (2022). World toilet paper consumption. https://www.qssupplies.co.uk/world-toilet-paper-consumed-visualised.html
Szabo, S., & Webster, J. (2021). Perceived greenwashing: The effects of green marketing on environmental and product perceptions. Journal of Business Ethics, 171(4), 719-739. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10551-020-04461-0
Szilagyi, A., Cioca, L. I., Bacali, L., Lakatos, E. S., & Birgovan, A. L. (2022). Consumers in the circular economy: A path analysis of the underlying factors of purchasing behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(18), 11333. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811333
Tarabieh, S. M. Z. A. (2021). The impact of greenwash practices over green purchase intention: The mediating effects of green confusion, green perceived risk, and green trust. Management Science Letters, 11, 451-464. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.9.022
Teixeira, S. F., Barbosa, B., Cunha, H., & Oliveira, Z. (2021). Exploring the antecedents of organic food purchase intention: An extension of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability, 14(1), 242-242. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU14010242
Torelli, R., Balluchi, F., & Lazzini, A. (2020). Greenwashing and environmental communication: Effects on stakeholders' perceptions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(2), 407-421. https://doi.org/10.1002/BSE.2373
Trinh, N. H., Tran, H. H., & Vuong, Q. D. H. (2021). Perceived risk and intention to use credit cards: A case study in Vietnam. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(4), 949-958. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2021.VOL8.NO4.0949
Tseng, S. C., & Hung, S. W. (2013). A framework identifying the gaps between customers' expectations and their perceptions in green products. Journal of Cleaner Production, 59, 174-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2013.06.050
Tushy. (2020). Eco-friendly toilet paper options. https://hellotushy.com/blogs/eco-friendly-bathrooms/eco-friendly-toilet-paper
Uhm, J. P., Kim, S., Do, C., & Lee, H. W. (2022). How augmented reality (AR) experience affects purchase intention in sport E-commerce: Roles of perceived diagnosticity, psychological distance, and perceived risks. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 67, Article 103027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.103027
Varah, F., Mahongnao, M., Pani, B., & Khamrang, S. (2020). Exploring young consumers’ intention toward green products: Applying an extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(6), 9181-9195. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10668-020-01018-Z/TABLES/6
Wagner, M., Curteza, A., Hong, Y., Chen, Y., Thomassey, S., & Zeng, X. Y. (2019). A design analysis for eco-fashion style using sensory evaluation tools: Consumer perceptions of product appearance. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 51, 253-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.06.005
Walker, K., & Wan, F. (2012). The harm of symbolic actions and green-washing: Corporate actions and communications on environmental performance and their financial implications. Journal of Business Ethics, 109, 227-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1122-4
Wang, H., Ma, B., & Bai, R. (2020). The spillover effect of greenwashing behaviours: An experimental approach. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 38(3), 283-295. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-01-2019-0006
Wang, L. H., Yeh, S. S., Chen, K. Y., & Huan, T. C. (2022). Tourists' travel intention: revisiting the TPB model with age and perceived risk as moderator and attitude as mediator. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-07-2021-0334
Wei, S., Ang, T., & Jancenelle, V. E. (2018). Willingness to pay more for green products: The interplay of consumer characteristics and customer participation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 45, 230-238. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JRETCONSER.2018.08.015
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2017). Determinants of consumers' green purchase behavior in a developing nation: Applying and extending the Theory of Planned Behavior. Ecological Economics, 134, 114-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ECOLECON.2016.12.019
Yang, Z., Nguyen, T. T. H., Nguyen, H. N., Nguyen, T. T. N., & Cao, T. T. (2020). View of greenwashing behaviours: Causes, taxonomy and consequences based on a systematic literature review. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 21(5), 1486-1507. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13225
Yazdanpanah, M., & Forouzani, M. (2015). Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict Iranian students' intention to purchase organic food. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2015.02.071
Yeh, S. S., Guan, X. H., Chiang, T. Y., Ho, J. L., & Huan, T. C. T. (2021). Reinterpreting the theory of planned behavior and its application to green hotel consumption intention. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 102827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102827
Zaremohzzabieh, Z., Ismail, N., Ahrari, S., & Abu Samah, A. (2021). The effects of consumer attitude on green purchase intention: A meta-analytic path analysis. Journal of Business Research, 132, 732-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBUSRES.2020.10.053
Zhang, L., Li, D., Cao, C., & Huang, S. (2018). The influence of greenwashing perception on green purchasing intentions: The mediating role of green word-of-mouth and moderating role of green concern. Journal of Cleaner Production, 187, 740-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2018.03.201
Zhuang, W., Luo, X., & Riaz, M. U. (2021). On the factors influencing green purchase intention: A meta-analysis approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1074. https://doi.org/10.3389/FPSYG.2021.644020/BIBTEX
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Tourism & Management Studies
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The journal retains published articles’ copyrights, but they are simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-NC-ND), which allows individuals’ to share the relevant papers as long as authorship and publication in this journal are duly acknowledged.